Francis Scott Key Bridge Replacement Peer Review
Structural Health Monitoring
ISSE is serving as the Peer Review Engineer for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) program associated with the new Francis Scott Key Bridge replacement, a nationally significant cable-stayed bridge program. In this role, ISSE evaluates the proposals and technical submittals prepared by the engineer retained by the Design-Build contractor, providing the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) with an additional structural engineering perspective and independent technical scrutiny. The replacement bridge represents one of the few major long-span cable-stayed bridges currently advancing toward construction in the United States. As such, the SHM strategy carries heightened importance, serving not only as a performance verification tool but also as a long-term resilience, safety, and asset management framework for a critical piece of regional and national infrastructure.
Our review examines the proposed instrumentation strategy, data acquisition architecture, event detection framework, and data governance protocols to assess completeness, technical rigor, constructability, durability, and alignment with the Owner’s objectives for safety, performance tracking, incident response, load rating support, and long-term asset management.
ISSE participates in peer review at multiple design stages, issuing structured comment matrices and technical memoranda to clarify assumptions, identify potential gaps, and strengthen overall system robustness. Focus areas include strain and accelerometer deployment for modal characterization, GNSS displacement monitoring for global movement tracking, acoustic emission systems for wire-break detection, corrosion and environmental instrumentation for durability assessment, and resilience of the DAQ network under extreme loading scenarios. The review also considers the practicality of threshold criteria and alert protocols for high-consequence events such as vessel collision, seismic excitation, extreme wind, and fire.
JFK New Terminal One – Structural Peer Review
Structural Systems Validation for a $9.5 Billion, 2.6 Million Square Foot International Gateway
AECOM Tishman retained ISSE to provide an independent structural peer review of the New Terminal One project at JFK, evaluating the work of a large, multidisciplinary structural engineering team at Thornton Tomasetti, including the original Basis of Design prepared by Walter P Moore. Within the framework of a fast-track, multi-billion-dollar aviation program, our role was to deliver rigorous third-party oversight across a highly complex and evolving structural design. We assessed the primary gravity and lateral systems, foundation strategies, loading assumptions, and analytical methodologies to confirm alignment with governing codes, technical standards, and project performance objectives. As part of this effort, we also reviewed wind tunnel testing results and their translation into structural design criteria, helping ensure that wind demands, drift considerations, and cladding pressures were appropriately interpreted and incorporated into the global and local analyses.
Beyond document review, ISSE independently developed simplified analytical models to study critical components of the structure, including the complex tree-column system supporting the long-span roof and the light roof structure carrying an extensive array of solar panels. These focused models provided an additional layer of verification of load paths, member demands, and system behavior under gravity and lateral effects. We also performed an independent Key Element Analysis to evaluate structural robustness and continuity under prescribed local loading scenarios. Throughout the peer review process, ISSE led and conducted coordination meetings and issued nearly 300 formal action items, facilitating technical dialogue, clarifying assumptions, and strengthening the overall design. This structured, iterative engagement not only enhanced compliance and resilience but also provided AECOM Tishman and project stakeholders with high confidence in the safety, durability, and long-term performance of this landmark infrastructure investment.
Newport Harbor Independent Marine Safety Review
Mooring Field C - Engineering Judgment Assessment of Proposed Mooring Reconfiguration
ISSE was retained by the Newport Mooring Association to provide an independent engineering assessment of the proposed reconfiguration of Mooring Field C. The review focused on applied engineering judgment and real-world marine operations, evaluating vessel maneuverability, tidal range effects, wind-driven drift behavior, catenary action of mooring systems, and the operational implications of transitioning from a single-row to double-row mooring configuration.
Our assessment considered dynamic environmental loading, human factors during offshore mooring in non-calm conditions, and clearance envelopes required for safe approach and departure. The engineering findings were documented in a formal memorandum and presented during public hearing testimony, contributing technical clarity to discussions of navigational safety and operational risk within the decision-making process. The independent review provided a structured, engineering-based framework to inform stakeholder decision-making and ensure that proposed modifications were evaluated against real-world marine safety criteria.
Bruce Springsteen Archives & Center for American Music
Steel & Timber Connection Design Specialty for a 30,000 Square Foot Cultural Facility
ISSE was retained by DOWCO (A DeSimone Company) to provide specialized structural engineering services for the Bruce Springsteen Archives & Center for American Music at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. Designed by COOKFOX Architects, the 30,000-square-foot facility will serve as the permanent home for the Springsteen Archives and will include exhibition galleries, archival storage, and a 230-seat theater within a contemporary, exposed mass timber structure.
Working in coordination with DOWCO, Monmouth University, and COOKFOX Architects, ISSE focused on the engineering design and fabrication drawing review of critical steel-to-steel and timber-to-steel connection assemblies. Our scope included detailed evaluation of load transfer mechanisms, steel interface components, connection geometry, constructability considerations, and fabrication-level detailing to ensure structural integrity and alignment with the design intent. Particular attention was given to tolerance control, concealed connection strategies, and the interface between prefabricated timber elements and custom-fabricated steel components. The exposed nature of the structural system required precision in both engineering and fabrication, as connection detailing directly influenced architectural expression. Through careful technical review and coordination, we supported the precise execution of exposed structural elements while maintaining clarity of load paths, durability, and high-quality fabrication standards.
Westchester County Airport
Mobility Strategy and Terminal Access Improvements | Comprehensive Traffic Engineering and Curbside
ISSE was retained by Westchester County Airport to lead a comprehensive mobility strategy and engineering evaluation for terminal access improvements in White Plains, New York. The study focused on improving vehicular circulation, curbside operations, pedestrian safety, and overall passenger flow at the main terminal within the constraints of an active regional airport environment.
Working in collaboration with Systematica, ISSE conducted detailed traffic engineering analysis, vehicle flow modeling, curbside capacity assessments, safety reviews, and signage and wayfinding evaluations. The team translated data-driven findings into actionable engineering solutions, including revised curb lane configurations, structured pickup and drop-off zones, ADA access enhancements, improved pedestrian crossings, and traffic calming measures. Engineering drawings were developed to support phased implementation strategies that minimized operational disruption while improving safety, efficiency, and long-term scalability.
The resulting framework provides Westchester County Airport with a practical, technically grounded roadmap for enhancing terminal access while maintaining operational continuity and improving the passenger experience.
Rimadesio Showroom - New York
Structural Engineering Renovation and Mezzanine Addition at 102 Madison Avenue
ISSE was retained by Studio DADA (Architect) to provide structural engineering services for Rimadesio’s flagship New York showroom at 102 Madison Avenue in the NoMad Design District. Originally constructed in 1917, the 12-story commercial building features early 20th-century structural framing, requiring careful evaluation and integration of new structural interventions within an existing system not originally configured for contemporary retail loads and spatial configurations.
Working in coordination with Studio DADA, Rimadesio New York, and Contractor Walker Consultants, ISSE designed and detailed a new mezzanine structure integrated into the existing building framework, including assessment of gravity load capacity, localized reinforcement, and connection strategies compatible with the legacy framing system. The scope also included structural analysis and design associated with new stair openings and selective framing modifications to accommodate the architectural layout. ISSE prepared calculations and construction documents addressing load redistribution, connection detailing, and integration of new structural elements within the existing structure.
ISSE also provided structural guidance on the detailing of the showroom’s ornate staircase, coordinating with the Italian fabricator to ensure proper load transfer, anchorage design, and constructability while preserving the architectural intent. Additional services included engineering review of support structures for interior partitions and mechanical equipment, as well as structural evaluation of a two-story cantilevered tree installation adjacent to the primary stair, including anchorage, stability, and load path verification to ensure compliance with current code requirements.
Columbia University Faculty House - Structural Renovation
Modernizing a 1923 Iconic Assembly Building While Preserving Historic Structure
Sciame Construction retained ISSE to provide structural engineering services for the comprehensive renovation of Columbia University’s Faculty House, a 1923 McKim, Mead & White building long serving as a social and intellectual hub of the University. Originally designed with large reception rooms, assembly spaces, dining halls, and ballrooms to host significant gatherings, the building’s structural system consisted of early 20th-century steel framing integrated with load-bearing masonry and ornamental finishes. The renovation required careful structural investigation to adapt this legacy framing to modern performance standards while preserving the architectural character of the landmark.
Working closely with Columbia University and Bogdanow Partners Architects, ISSE evaluated the existing gravity and lateral load-resisting systems to support reprogrammed assembly rooms, upgraded mechanical infrastructure, and new vertical transportation cores. The scope included selective removal and reinforcement of framing to accommodate elevators and dumbwaiters serving all four floors, structural modifications for commercial kitchen installations, and redistribution of loads resulting from interior reconfiguration of large-span gathering spaces. ISSE also engineered the structural system for a new fourth-floor addition, analyzing load path continuity, diaphragm behavior, and vertical load transfer through the existing steel and masonry framework. Particular attention was given to differential stiffness between new and existing construction, localized strengthening of beams and columns, and integration of new steel framing within the constraints of a historically significant structural grid.
Congregational Church of the Evangel Structural Restoration
Stabilization of a 1916-1917 Gothic Revival Landmark
ISSE provided structural engineering services for the Congregational Church of the Evangel, a Late Gothic Revival ecclesiastical structure constructed in 1916–1917 and designed by Harold S. Granger of Nelson & Van Wagenen. Located at 1950 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn, the church is constructed of gray-green quarry-faced ashlar masonry with cast stone trim, a steeply pitched roof system, engaged buttresses, and stained and leaded glass windows. The property also includes a small gabled office annex functioning as a parish house component of the complex. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009, underscoring its architectural and historic significance.
ISSE conducted structural assessments of the sanctuary, cellar framing, bell tower, exterior masonry façade, roof framing, and associated parish house structure. The scope included evaluation of deteriorated beams, investigation of moisture intrusion and its impact on masonry and embedded structural elements, and assessment of roof pitch and drainage conditions contributing to localized distress. Structural analysis focused on load-bearing masonry behavior, framing integrity, and long-term performance of the envelope under continued water exposure.
Targeted retrofit strategies were developed to reinforce compromised members, stabilize masonry elements, and improve drainage to mitigate further deterioration. ISSE also reviewed the structural framing supporting stained and leaded glass windows to ensure compatibility between preservation objectives and structural safety. The rehabilitation approach balanced structural stabilization with historic preservation goals, ensuring interventions were compatible with the original 1916 structural fabric while extending the service life of both the church and its parish facilities.
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Messika Flagship Boutique - Upper East Side, New York
Structural Reinforcement of Historic Floor System for High-Security Installation
Located in Manhattan’s Upper East Side luxury retail corridor, 727 Madison Avenue occupies an early 20th-century building characteristic of pre-war concrete construction. The existing floor system reflects historic material practices and limited surviving structural documentation. Studio Dada retained ISSE to provide structural engineering services for Messika’s flagship boutique. Working closely with Messika and Sajo during the Construction Document and Construction Administration phases, ISSE integrated high-security program elements within the constraints of the existing structure.
Evaluation of the first-floor slab revealed significant variability in material capacity, including friable concrete and compressive strengths well below contemporary expectations. While suitable for standard retail occupancy, the slab required careful structural assessment before introducing concentrated vault loads, and temporary gantry equipment was required for safe transport and installation. ISSE developed a phased strengthening and construction strategy focused on load-path control and construction safety. Temporary shoring with lally columns redistributed loads during vault transport, and localized slab reinforcement improved long-term structural performance. The work also included the controlled removal and reinstallation of the existing ornate staircase to facilitate the safe lowering of the vault components.
Peer Review of Large-Scale Roof-Mounted Solar Installations
Technical Insights with Industry-Wide Impact | Influencing PV Structural Practice
ISSE was retained to conduct an independent structural peer review of a large-scale roof-mounted photovoltaic installation spanning more than one million square feet of institutional facilities. The engagement followed documented movement and performance concerns associated with a ballast-mounted solar array, requiring an objective technical evaluation of the original design assumptions, installation methodology, and compliance with current structural standards.
ISSE reviewed structural drawings, calculations, manufacturer data, wind tunnel testing reports, and field observations, and performed independent analyses to verify gravity, snow, wind, uplift, and sliding stability under both ASCE 7-16 and ASCE 7-22. Particular attention was given to ballast-only system performance, friction behavior under wet and frozen conditions, pressure-equalization assumptions, and the interaction between snow accumulation and wind uplift on low-slope roof systems. The findings highlighted broader industry considerations regarding ballast-only systems and evolving environmental load standards. As part of this work, ISSE developed technical guidance addressing dual-scenario wind evaluation, conservative friction verification, hybrid anchorage strategies, and combined environmental load considerations in cold and mixed climates.
Through this independent review, ISSE strengthened design transparency, clarified structural risk exposure, and provided stakeholders with confidence that corrective measures and future installations align with modern structural reliability standards.
Structural Engineering for a Signature Kinetic Installation
Custom Kinetic Sculpture within a Landmark Midtown Tower
Patten Studio retained ISSE to provide structural engineering analysis and evaluation for a custom 15-foot kinetic aluminum sculpture installed within a double-height public atrium of a prominent financial services headquarters in Midtown Manhattan. The installation comprises multiple ultra-lightweight honeycomb aluminum panels mounted on tapered and curved tubular poles, each independently rotating to produce a choreographed anamorphic visual composition visible from both interior spaces and the urban streetscape. ISSE performed a detailed structural analysis of bent and straight aluminum pole elements subjected to dynamic rotational loading, supported by finite element modeling of critical components. The evaluation included torsional demand, bending stresses, localized stress concentrations at welded transitions, and cyclic fatigue effects associated with continuous motion. Baseplate assemblies, threaded rod connections, anchorage detailing, and load transfer into the host building’s structural framing system were analyzed to verify structural adequacy and long-term durability.
Given the minimal operational clearances between rotating panels, deflection criteria and vibration response were tightly controlled to prevent collision under operational and transient conditions. Particular attention was given to concealed motor assemblies housed within narrow, tapered tube cavities, which required careful coordination among structural performance requirements, mechanical integration, and stringent architectural tolerances. Following fabrication refinements, ISSE re-evaluated the revised cross-sections to confirm compliance with the Aluminum Association allowable stress design provisions and to assess performance under repeated cyclic motion. Through advanced computational modeling and close collaboration with the design team, ISSE delivered a structurally robust kinetic support system capable of sustaining precise rotational choreography in a highly visible public installation.
Structural Feasibility and Adaptive Reuse Study
Historic Neo-Gothic Home of a Leading Playwrights’ Institution - Hell's Kitchen
ISSE was retained by VAKOTA Architecture to provide structural engineering services for a feasibility study and renovation planning of the historic New Dramatists building in Hell’s Kitchen. Built in 1910 in the neo-Gothic Revival style, the three-story masonry structure has long served as a home to a distinguished nonprofit supporting New York’s performing arts community.
ISSE evaluated existing load-bearing masonry walls, timber and concrete floor systems, and roof framing to assess structural capacity, material deterioration, and the impact of proposed modifications aimed at improving accessibility, functionality, and space utilization. Particular focus was placed on deteriorating rear masonry walls requiring remediation and reconstruction due to displacement and prolonged weather exposure.
The study explored multiple structural strategies, including reinforcing existing floor systems, selective roof and rear wall reconstruction, reconfiguration of the entrance and lobby, and potential additions or below-grade expansion. Each option required careful analysis of load paths, structural continuity, and long-term durability within the constraints of the historic fabric.
Through detailed structural assessment, geotechnical coordination, and close collaboration with the architectural team, ISSE established a clear structural framework to guide adaptive reuse while ensuring code compliance, safety, and long-term performance.
Adaptive Reuse and Structural Design for an Education Center
A Public Waterfront Environmental Learning Facility in Brooklyn Bridge Park
ISSE was retained by Mesh Architectures to provide conceptual and design development structural engineering services for the expansion and renovation of the Brooklyn Bridge Park Environmental Education Center in DUMBO. Originally opened in 2015 through the adaptive reuse of a formerly vacant masonry structure, the facility serves as a hub for environmental education and community engagement within Brooklyn Bridge Park.
The project includes the conversion of a former compactor room into a classroom and the reconfiguration of interior spaces to improve functionality, accessibility, and long-term adaptability. The renovated 11,300-square-foot facility features a 300-square-foot community room, an 800-square-foot classroom with a live aquarium and interactive touch tank for marine education, public restrooms, a locker room, and support spaces. During the conceptual and design development phases, ISSE evaluated existing structural systems, performed gravity and lateral load assessments, and developed structural steel and concrete design studies to support revised occupancies while maintaining continuous load paths and code-compliant performance.
ISSE also provided specialty structural guidance for the load-bearing glass components of the aquarium and interactive touch tank, evaluating hydrostatic pressures, glass thickness, support conditions, and anchorage detailing to ensure safety, serviceability, and long-term durability under sustained fluid loading and public interaction. The result is a resilient, adaptable educational facility that reinforces sustainable reuse principles and supports long-term structural performance within Brooklyn Bridge Park.
Structural Engineering for Retail Banking Facilities
Chase Bank Retail Branch Renovations
ISSE provided structural engineering services for the renovation and modernization of multiple retail banking facilities across New York State and Connecticut. The projects involved interior reconfiguration, storefront alterations, façade modifications, and structural coordination to accommodate revised program layouts within existing commercial structures.
Our scope included a detailed assessment of existing structural framing systems, including steel, reinforced concrete, and composite floor assemblies. ISSE performed gravity and lateral load evaluations in accordance with current building code requirements to verify capacity for revised occupancies and localized load increases associated with new partitions, equipment, and security installations. Structural modifications were developed to support new storefront systems, upgraded glazing assemblies, and entrance reconfigurations, including analysis of lintels, headers, and transfer conditions.
Engineering services included structural steel design, connection detailing, anchorage analysis, and evaluation of existing slabs-on-grade and elevated slab systems for new penetrations, equipment loads, and altered load paths. Where capacity deficiencies were identified, reinforcement strategies were implemented, including supplemental steel framing, localized slab strengthening, and anchorage enhancements to maintain structural continuity and code-compliant performance.
Given that many renovations occurred within active banking facilities, particular attention was given to phased construction sequencing, temporary support considerations, constructability review, and coordination with architectural, MEP, and security systems to ensure uninterrupted operations while maintaining long-term durability, serviceability, and structural integrity.
Timber Pavilion Structures for Zoological Park Facilities
Bronx Zoo & Prospect Park Zoo – Wildlife Conservation Society, New York
ISSE provided structural engineering services for a series of heavy timber pavilions at the Bronx Zoo and Prospect Park Zoo in collaboration with the Wildlife Conservation Society. The structures support visitor amenities including retail kiosks, shade pavilions, and small support facilities while integrating with the natural landscape of two of New York City’s most prominent zoological parks.
The structural systems utilize exposed heavy timber posts and beams designed to meet the demands of high-traffic public environments while maintaining a natural architectural expression. ISSE performed gravity and lateral load analysis in accordance with applicable building codes and developed framing configurations that balance structural efficiency with architectural clarity. Loads are transferred through a combination of concealed and exposed steel connection hardware integrated within the timber framing. Engineering services included sizing and analysis of timber members, evaluation of connection forces, and design of steel knife plates, brackets, and anchorage assemblies to resist wind uplift, lateral shear, and overturning forces. Anchoring strategies were developed to ensure reliable load transfer between the timber superstructure and supporting foundations.
Structural Engineering for Modular Public Play Structures
Imagination Playground – Collaboration with Rockwell Group
ISSE provided structural engineering design services for the signature “Crow’s Nest” modular lookout structure within a large interactive waterfront playground. The prefabricated steel play tower was conceived as a visually prominent, cylindrical climbing and observation element supporting child-directed, free-form play within a dynamic public environment. The structure was largely fabricated off-site as a modular assembly and transported by barge for final installation, requiring detailed evaluation of lifting, transport stability, temporary load cases, and connection sequencing. ISSE developed the structural design of the primary steel framing system and associated timber and steel support elements, addressing site-specific constraints related to limited bearing capacity and ground stability over former maritime landfill conditions.
The scope included structural concept development, design coordination, and performance verification of prefabricated components and platform framing systems subjected to public occupancy loads, wind exposure, and durability demands in a coastal urban setting. ISSE also coordinated with the civil engineering team on below-grade piping interfaces and structural support conditions, ensuring compatibility between play features, drainage infrastructure, and foundation elements. Through integrated design development and constructability guidance, ISSE helped deliver a robust yet lightweight modular structure that could be efficiently transported, assembled, and maintained while supporting safe, imaginative, and highly interactive public use.
Structural Evaluation - Deck Edge & Fountain Weir Assemblies
Healthcare Campus Courtyard and Healing Garden Terrace – New Haven, CT
ISSE provided structural engineering analysis and verification services for specialty stainless-steel components associated with a courtyard fountain and an elevated terrace within a major healthcare campus expansion. The work forms part of a new neuroscience-focused facility and healing garden environment designed to support patient recovery, staff respite, and public use within a highly visible clinical setting. The engagement focused on a targeted, delegated design evaluation of two critical elements: a cantilevered stainless-steel deck edge and custom weir-box assemblies supporting granite capstones integrated into the fountain feature. These elements serve both functional and experiential roles, providing perimeter support for adjacent decking while accommodating direct pedestrian interaction in a therapeutic outdoor setting.
Our scope included a detailed component-level analysis of the Type 316 stainless steel deck edge system, which serves as both a structural restraint for the deck assembly and a load-transfer element subjected to concentrated edge loading. Structural checks addressed plate bending, local stress concentrations, gusset and weld capacities, and anchorage performance under combined gravity and eccentric loading. Particular attention was given to occupant loading at the deck perimeter and the resulting force transfer into the supporting concrete structure. ISSE also evaluated the structural adequacy of stainless steel weir/inlet box assemblies supporting granite capstones. Analysis considered dead load from stone elements and superimposed pedestrian loads, with a defined load path from capstone to attachment tabs, through the inlet structure, and into anchored mounting connections. Checks included local plate behavior, tab bending, weld demands, and anchor design incorporating tension, shear, and concrete limit states such as breakout and pryout.
Concept Structural Engineering: Coilable Pedestrian Bridge
Transformative Port Redevelopment Vision for Retractable Bridge and Cafe – Northern France (Unbuilt)
ISSE, led by Ms. Majmudar, provided conceptual structural engineering review and analysis for a proposed retractable pedestrian bridge with an integrated café as part of a larger port redevelopment initiative in northern France. The project, conceived as a landmark intervention, aimed to reconnect the city and waterfront through a hybrid of infrastructure, architecture, and public space.
The bridge was designed as a transformable structure capable of coiling and uncoiling to accommodate marine traffic, introducing complex geometric and kinematic behavior beyond conventional movable bridge typologies. ISSE’s role focused on evaluating the feasibility of the structural system under multiple configurations, including the initial deployed condition, intermediate transition states, and fully retracted geometry. Our work involved high-level nonlinear structural assessment of the metal-framed system, addressing combined translational and rotational movement, geometric compatibility, and load redistribution across varying configurations. Particular attention was given to global stability, member force variation during motion, and the structural implications of integrating occupiable space, including a café and viewing platform, within a dynamically transforming system.
The project required close coordination with the architectural vision to ensure that structural behavior supported both functional performance and experiential intent. ISSE’s input helped frame key engineering considerations for a next-generation movable structure that merges infrastructure, public space, and kinetic form.
Adaptive Reuse Structural Engineering for HVAC Upgrade
NYC DDC Project Maspeth Town Hall – Historic Community Facility, Queens, New York
ISSE is serving as the structural engineer for the Maspeth Town Hall HVAC Upgrade project for the New York City Department of Design and Construction (NYC DDC), in collaboration with Anthony Johnson Architect LLC as prime consultant. The project involves integrating new mechanical systems into a historic wood-framed structure that continues to operate as an active community facility. Originally constructed in the late 19th century as the Brinkerhoff School and later adapted for civic uses, including a police precinct, the building was preserved through community-led efforts and remains a vital neighborhood institution. This layered history introduces the complexities typical of legacy structures, including undocumented modifications, evolving load paths, and the need to maintain continuous public occupancy.
ISSE’s work centers on enabling system modernization within these constraints. The scope includes a comprehensive evaluation of existing structural systems, roof framing capacity analysis for new HVAC equipment, and the design of supplemental support framing and equipment dunnage. The project also requires careful coordination of penetrations, localized strengthening, and verification of load paths to safely integrate new systems into the existing structure. Particular emphasis is placed on constructability within an occupied building, minimizing disruption to ongoing operations, and meeting the rigorous requirements of NYC DDC review processes. The work demands close coordination with architectural and mechanical teams, with structural solutions developed to be clear, conservative, and fully aligned with agency expectations. ISSE’s role extends beyond evaluation to actively enable the mechanical design, manage structural risk, and translate incomplete field conditions into practical, buildable interventions.
Through this project, ISSE demonstrates its expertise in adaptive reuse, precision intervention within existing structures, and delivery of technically rigorous solutions under the constraints of public-sector infrastructure projects. The result is a carefully integrated upgrade that supports long-term resilience while preserving the structural integrity and community value of a historic New York City asset.